{"id":9162,"date":"2022-07-25T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-25T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/g18jsc.com.vn\/vn\/?p=9162"},"modified":"2023-02-15T09:12:54","modified_gmt":"2023-02-15T02:12:54","slug":"cac-tieu-chuan-thep-xay-dung-pho-bien-hien-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/g18jsc.com.vn\/vn\/bai-viet-chuyen-mon\/cac-tieu-chuan-thep-xay-dung-pho-bien-hien-nay.html\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00c1C TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N TH\u00c9P X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG PH\u1ed4 BI\u1ebeN HI\u1ec6N NAY"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1\/ Ti\u00eau chu<\/strong><strong>\u1ea9<\/strong><strong>n th\u00e9p ASTM Hoa K<\/strong><strong>\u00ec\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) \u2013 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Hoa k\u1ef3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khi th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n y\u00ean t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p. C\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 A53 GrB, A106 Grb v\u00e0 ASTM A615\/A615M-08 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ASTM A53 GrB c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p carbon, \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed1ng danh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb 1\/8\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn 26\u201d. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn h\u01a1i, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A106 GrB c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. A106 GrB th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM A615 c\u00f3 m\u00e1c th\u00e9p Grade 40, v\u00e0 Grade 60 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ed1t pho max = 0.060. Grade 40 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e3n d\u00e0i 280 min, g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n 180<sup>0\u00a0\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2\/ Ti\u00eau chu<\/strong><strong>\u1ea9<\/strong><strong>n th<\/strong><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><strong>p Vi<\/strong><strong>\u1ec7<\/strong><strong>t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 TCVN. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 04 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 TCVN 1651-1:2008, TCVN 1811_2009 (ISO 14284-1996), TCVN 6287_1997, TCVN 7937-1-2013.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>TCVN 1651-1:2008 Th\u00e9p c<\/strong><strong>\u1ed1<\/strong><strong>t b<\/strong><strong>\u00ea<\/strong><strong> t<\/strong><strong>\u00f4<\/strong><strong>ng: Th<\/strong><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><strong>p thanh tr<\/strong><strong>\u00f2<\/strong><strong>n tr<\/strong><strong>\u01a1<\/strong><strong>n, th<\/strong><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><strong>p thanh v<\/strong><strong>\u1eb1<\/strong><strong>n, l<\/strong><strong>\u01b0\u1edb<\/strong><strong>i th<\/strong><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><strong>p h<\/strong><strong>\u00e0<\/strong><strong>n: <\/strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho th\u00e9p thanh tr\u00f2n d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. \u00e1c m\u00e1c th\u00e9p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m: CB300-V, CB400-V, CB500-V, CB600-V \u1edf c\u1ea3 3 d\u1ea1ng: d\u1ea1ng th\u1eb3ng, d\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafn th\u1eb3ng. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: Ch\u1eef \u201cCB\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb c\u1ed1t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Ba ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp theo th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u201cT\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p thanh tr\u00f2n tr\u01a1n, ch\u1eef \u201cV\u201d bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho t\u1eeb th\u00e9p thanh v\u1eb1n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">TCVN 1811_2009 (ISO 14284-1996): Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ecfi gang, gang \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00e9p. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>TCVN 6287_1997: <\/strong>Do ban k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN\/TC 17 Th\u00e9p bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb. B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ban h\u00e0nh, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ISO 10065:1990. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 th\u1eed u\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00e9p thanh c\u1ed1t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p th\u1eed u\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p thanh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u2026bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>TCVN 7937-1-2013: <\/strong>TCVN 7937-1:2013 thay th\u1ebf TCVN 7937-1:2009 (ISO 15630-1:2002) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ISO 15630-1:2010. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00e0y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed d\u00f9ng cho thanh, d\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3\/ Ti\u00eau chu<\/strong><strong>\u1ea9<\/strong><strong>n th<\/strong><strong>\u00e9<\/strong><strong>p Nh<\/strong><strong>\u1ead<\/strong><strong>t B<\/strong><strong>\u1ea3<\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n JIS kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 M\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eef S (Steel). K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chung th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: P1 \u2013 P2 \u2013 P3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: SS500, hay SK5<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Ph<\/strong><strong>\u1ea7<\/strong><strong>n 1 (P1)<\/strong>\u00a0bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng anh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eef Latin ho\u1eb7c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1eef S (Steel) ho\u1eb7c F (Ferrum)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph<\/strong><strong>\u1ea7<\/strong><strong>n 2 (P2)<\/strong>\u00a0bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng anh hay ch\u1eef Latin v\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0: t\u1ea5m, thanh, \u1ed1ng , s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00fac r\u00e8n\u2026<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph<\/strong><strong>\u1ea7<\/strong><strong>n 3 (P3)<\/strong>: ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">B\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>JIS 3112-2010: T<\/em><\/strong>h\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p v\u1eb1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n gai cho ph\u00e9p. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 l\u00fd, dung sai kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed9t thanh Th\u00e9p, dung sai kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ed9t b\u00f3 th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>JIS Z 2248_2006(V): <\/strong>Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>JIS Z 2281_2011:<\/em><\/strong> L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (10 \u0111\u1ed9 C \u0111\u1ebfn 35 \u0111\u1ed9 C)<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p c\u1ed1t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9164 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/g18jsc.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tieu-chuan-thep-xay-dung.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"557\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/g18jsc.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tieu-chuan-thep-xay-dung.jpg 557w, https:\/\/g18jsc.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tieu-chuan-thep-xay-dung-280x300.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 557px) 100vw, 557px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><u>Th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean h\u1ec7:<\/u><\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00d4NG TY C\u1ed4 PH\u1ea6N THI\u1ebeT B\u1eca X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG 18\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>TR\u1ee4 S\u1ede CH\u00cdNH:<\/strong>\u00a0S\u1ed1 97 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng- Ph\u01b0\u1eddng H\u1ea1 L\u00fd- Qu\u1eadn H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng- H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng<\/p>\n<p><strong>VPGDHN\u00a0<\/strong>: P.1023 T\u00f2a C2 D`Capitale Tr\u1ea7n Duy H\u01b0ng \u2013 TP H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/p>\n<p><strong>VPGD TPHCM<\/strong>: 107 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Lu\u00f4ng, P 10, Qu\u1eadn 6, TPHCM<\/p>\n<p><strong>EMAIL:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:g18jsc@gmail.com\">g18jsc@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>WEBSITE<\/strong>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/g18jsc.com.vn\/vn\">https:\/\/g18jsc.com.vn\/vn<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>FANPAGE:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/taiyotradingjsc\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/g18trading<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1\/ Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p ASTM Hoa K\u00ec\u00a0 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) \u2013 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Hoa k\u1ef3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khi th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9163,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai-viet-chuyen-mon","category-tin-cong-ty"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.8 (Yoast SEO v23.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00c1C TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N TH\u00c9P X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG PH\u1ed4 BI\u1ebeN HI\u1ec6N NAY | Gi\u00e0n gi\u00e1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng G18<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"1\/ Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p ASTM Hoa K\u00ec\u00a0 \u1ed0ng th\u00e9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) \u2013 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Hoa k\u1ef3. \u0110\u00e2y 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